Transport in animals (blood, heart, vessels) — KCSE Biology

KCSE Biology · 103 practice questions · 4 syllabus objectives

36 easy36 medium31 hard

What You'll Learn

Key learning outcomes for this topic, aligned to the KNEC KCSE syllabus.

Draw and label the human heart

Describe the functions of blood components

Distinguish between arteries, veins, and capillaries

Transport in animals (blood, heart, vessels)

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easySHORT ANSWER3 marks

Name three differences between arteries and veins in terms of structure and function. (3 marks)

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Part (a) — 3 marks

Arteries have thick elastic walls to withstand high pressure, while veins have thinner walls due to lower pressure (1 mk)

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart (1 mk)

Veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood, whereas arteries do not have valves (1 mk)

easySHORT ANSWER3 marks

Identify the roles of the following blood components: (a) Erythrocytes (b) Leucocytes (c) Thrombocytes. (3 marks)

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Part (a) — 3 marks

Erythrocytes (red blood cells): transport oxygen to tissues and assist in carbon dioxide transport (1 mk)

Leucocytes (white blood cells): defend the body against pathogens and foreign substances (1 mk)

Thrombocytes (platelets): initiate blood clotting and help in wound healing (1 mk)

easySHORT ANSWER4 marks

Identify the functions of the following components of blood: (a) Red blood cells (b) White blood cells (c) Platelets (d) Plasma. (4 marks)

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Part (a) — 4 marks

Red blood cells: transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carry some carbon dioxide back to the lungs (1 mk)

White blood cells: protect the body against infections through phagocytosis and antibody production (1 mk)

Platelets: play a key role in blood clotting to prevent blood loss from injuries (1 mk)

Plasma: carries nutrients, hormones, waste products, and maintains blood pressure and volume (1 mk)

Name four blood vessels associated with the human heart and describe their functions. (4 marks)

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