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Acids and bases — KCSE Chemistry

KCSE Chemistry · 89 practice questions · 4 syllabus objectives

30 easy29 medium30 hard

What You'll Learn

Key learning outcomes for this topic, aligned to the KNEC KCSE syllabus.

Define acids and bases using the Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry theories

State the general properties of acids and bases and write equations for their reactions

Distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases in terms of degree of ionisation

Acids and bases

Sample Questions

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1
easySHORT ANSWER2 marks

State the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid in terms of their degree of ionisation in water. (2 marks)

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Part (a) — 2 marks
A strong acid completely ionises in water, releasing all of its H⁺ ions. (1 mk)
A weak acid partially ionises in water, releasing only some of its H⁺ ions. (1 mk)
2
easySHORT ANSWER4 marks

Define a base and write an equation for its reaction with hydrochloric acid. (4 marks)

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Part (a) — 1 mark
A base is a substance that accepts protons (H⁺ ions) or donates hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in an aqueous solution. (1 mk)
Part (b) — 3 marks
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O (1 mk)
Balanced equation demonstrates the neutralisation process. (1 mk)
Correctly identifies products as sodium chloride and water. (1 mk)
3
easySHORT ANSWER3 marks

Define an acid and give two examples. (3 marks)

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Part (a) — 1 mark
An acid is a substance that donates protons (H⁺ ions) in an aqueous solution. (1 mk)
Part (b) — 2 marks
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (1 mk)
Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) (1 mk)
4

Define a base according to the Brønsted-Lowry theory and give one example of a Brønsted-Lowry base. (3 marks)

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