Gas laws — KCSE Chemistry

KCSE Chemistry · 78 practice questions · 4 syllabus objectives

26 easy25 medium27 hard

What You'll Learn

Key learning outcomes for this topic, aligned to the KNEC KCSE syllabus.

State and apply Boyle's law (P₁V₁ = P₂V₂) to solve problems at constant temperature

State and apply Charles's law (V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂) to solve problems at constant pressure

Apply the combined gas law and ideal gas equation (PV = nRT) to calculate pressure, volume, temperature or moles

Gas laws

Sample Questions

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1
easySHORT ANSWER3 marks

A balloon filled with helium gas has a volume of 3 litres at a pressure of 1.5 atm and a temperature of 20°C. If the pressure is decreased to 1 atm while the temperature remains constant, what will be the new volume of the gas in litres? (3 marks)

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Part (a) — 3 marks
Use Boyle's Law: P1V1 = P2V2 (1 mk)
Substitute values: 1.5 × 3 = 1 × V2 (1 mk)
Solve for V2: V2 = (1.5 × 3)/1 = 4.5 litres (1 mk)
2
easySHORT ANSWER4 marks

A gas sample at 25°C occupies a volume of 5 dm³ and exerts a pressure of 1.2 atm. If the gas is heated to 75°C while maintaining the pressure constant, what will be the new volume of the gas? (4 marks)

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Part (a) — 4 marks
Convert temperatures to Kelvin: 25°C = 298 K; 75°C = 348 K (1 mk)
Apply Charles's Law: V1/T1 = V2/T2 (1 mk)
Rearrange to find V2: V2 = V1 × (T2/T1) (1 mk)
Substitute values: V2 = 5 × (348/298) = 5.83 dm³ (or appropriate unit) (1 mk)
3
easySHORT ANSWER3 marks

Calculate the pressure exerted by 2 moles of carbon dioxide gas occupying a volume of 10 dm³ at a temperature of 300 K using the ideal gas equation. (3 marks)

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Part (a) — 3 marks
Use the ideal gas equation PV = nRT (1 mk)
Substitute values: P = (nRT)/V = (2 × 8.31 × 300)/10 (1 mk)
Calculate pressure P = 49.86 atm (or appropriate unit) (1 mk)
4

A balloon filled with gas has a volume of 2.0 litres at a temperature of 20°C. If the temperature is decreased to 0°C at constant pressure, what will be the new volume of the gas? (4 marks)

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