KASNEB · AdvancedAdvanced Financial ReportingBETA — flag if wrong
Preparation of Financial Statements
This topic focuses on the preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS, including the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.
3objectives
3revision lessons
12practice questions
What you’ll learn
Aligned to the KASNEB Advanced Financial Reporting syllabus.
CA32.2.A Prepare a statement of profit or loss in accordance with IFRS.
CA32.2.B Prepare a statement of financial position in accordance with IFRS.
CA32.2.C Compute and present earnings per share.
Preparing a statement of profit or loss in accordance with IFRS
BETA — flag if wrongAI 100
The statement of profit or loss (SOPL) presents the financial performance of an entity over a specific period, in compliance with IFRS. Key components include revenue, cost of sales, gross profit, operating expenses, and profit before tax. Under IFRS 15, revenue is recognized when control of goods or services is transferred to customers. Cost of sales includes all costs directly attributable to the production of goods sold during the period. Operating expenses encompass administrative and distribution costs. The final profit figure is calculated by deducting tax expenses from profit before tax.
In Kenya, companies must adhere to the Companies Act 2015 and ensure compliance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as set by ICPAK. The SOPL is crucial for stakeholders to assess profitability and operational efficiency. Ensure all figures are rounded correctly and presented clearly, with appropriate disclosures for any significant items affecting profit.
Key points
Revenue recognized under IFRS 15 when control transfers.
Cost of sales includes direct production costs.
Operating expenses are categorized as distribution and administrative.
Profit before tax is calculated before tax expenses are deducted.
Compliance with Companies Act 2015 and IFRS is mandatory.
Worked example
Statement of Profit or Loss for ABC Limited for the year ended 31 December 2026
| Particulars | KES (million) |
|-----------------------------------|----------------|
| Revenue | 1,200 |
| Cost of sales | (800) |
| Gross profit | 400 |
| Administrative expenses | (150) |
| Distribution costs | (100) |
| Profit before tax | 150 |
| Income tax expense | (30) |
| Profit for the period | 120 |
Calculation Breakdown:
Revenue: KES 1,200 million
Cost of sales: KES 800 million
Gross profit: KES 1,200 million - KES 800 million = KES 400 million
Total expenses: KES 150 million (administrative) + KES 100 million (distribution) = KES 250 million
Profit before tax: KES 400 million - KES 250 million = KES 150 million
Income tax expense: KES 30 million
Profit for the period: KES 150 million - KES 30 million = KES 120 million
More on this topic
CA32.2.B Preparing a Statement of Financial Position per IFRSBETA — flag if wrongAI 100
The Statement of Financial Position (SOFP) provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific date, detailing assets, liabilities, and equity. Under IFRS, specifically IAS 1, the SOFP must classify assets and liabilities as either current or non-current. Current assets are expected to be settled or realized within one year, while non-current assets are held for longer periods. Similarly, current liabilities are obligations due within one year, whereas non-current liabilities extend beyond that timeframe.
In Kenya, companies must adhere to the Companies Act 2015 and IFRS standards when preparing their financial statements. The SOFP typically includes: - Assets: - Non-current Assets (e.g., property, plant, and equipment, intangible assets) - Current Assets (e.g., inventory, trade receivables, cash) - Liabilities: - Non-current Liabilities (e.g., long-term borrowings) - Current Liabilities (e.g., trade payables, bank overdrafts) - Equity (e.g., share capital, retained earnings, reserves)
When preparing the SOFP, ensure that the accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Equity) holds true. This is critical for accurate financial reporting and compliance with IFRS.
CA32.2.C Computing Earnings Per Share (EPS) for Financial StatementsBETA — flag if wrongAI 100
Earnings per Share (EPS) is a key financial metric that indicates the profitability of a company on a per-share basis. It is calculated using the formula:
EPS = (Profit for the year - Preference dividends) / Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding.
For companies in Kenya, EPS is crucial for investors, especially those listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The calculation must comply with IAS 33 - Earnings per Share.
When computing EPS, consider the following: 1. Profit for the year: This is the net income after tax as reported in the income statement. 2. Preference dividends: These are dividends payable to preference shareholders and must be deducted from the profit for the year. 3. Weighted average number of ordinary shares: This accounts for any changes in the number of shares during the reporting period, such as new issues or buybacks.
It’s important to ensure that the EPS is presented both as basic and diluted EPS if there are potential ordinary shares that could dilute the earnings.
In Kenya, companies must disclose EPS in their financial statements as per the requirements of the Companies Act 2015 and the guidelines set by ICPAK. This enhances transparency and aids investors in making informed decisions.
Sample KASNEB-style questions
3 of 12 questions. Beta-flagged questions are AI-drafted and pending CPA review — flag anything that looks wrong.
Q1 · SHORT ANSWER · mediumBETA — flag if wrong
Zeddy Limited is a company quoted at the securities exchange. The following trial balance was
extracted from the books of the company as at 31 October 2014:
Sh. ‘million’ Sh. ‘million’
Ordinary share capital (Sh. 10 each)
8% Preference share capital (Sh. 10 each)
Revaluation reserve - property, plant and equipment
Share premium
Retained profits as at 31 October 2013
Intangible assets
Property, plant and equipment
Accumulated depreciation as at 1 November 2013
Trade receivables and trade payables
Bank overdraft
Inventory as at 1 November 2013
Purchases
Cash in hand
Sales
Administrative expenses
Selling and distribution expenses
Legal and professional expenses
Allowance for doubtful debts (l November 2013)
Financial assets at fair value
Deferred tax
Instalment tax paid
Suspense account
215.5
600
178
326
760
5
158
117
54
125
30
140
2,708.5
300
100
50
100
333.5
124.5
97.5
51
1,526
6
20
_____
2,708.5
Additional information;
1. The intangible assets are being amortised over 5 years with the expense to be shown under
cost of sales.
2. Property, plant and equipment is made up of the following:
Asset Cost/valuation
Sh. “million”
Accumulated depreciation
Sh. “million”
Land at cost
Buildings
Plant and equipment
Furniture and fixtures
Motor vehicles
250
75
150
50
75
600
-
15
68.5
16
25
124.5
REVISION PARTNER 59
CPA Section 6 A.F.R
Depreciation is charged as follows:
Buildings
Plant and equipment
Furniture and fixtures
Motor vehicles
2% on cost (included with administrative expenses).
8% on cost (included with cost of sales)
10% on cost (included with administrative expenses).
20% on the reducing balance charged as follows: 25%
administrative expenses and 75% selling and distribution
expenses.
3. Sh. 10 million should be transferred from the revaluation reserve to retained profits.
4. Allowance for doubtful debts is to be increased to Sh. 18 million.
5. The financial assets at fair value are held for the long-term. Their market value as at 31
October 2014 is Sh. 130 million.
6. Current year tax is estimated at Sh.40 million and the net taxable temporary differences
amount to Sh.100 million considering all possible adjustments including valuations. Increase
due to revaluation of financial assets amounts to Sh.2 million.
7. The suspense account consists of the acquisition of a business on a going concern basis. The
assets acquired were as follows as at 30 September 2014 (date of acquisition).
Sh. “million”
Financial assets - short term
Receivables
Inventory
Bank balance
Payables
40
30
20
40
(20)
The adjustment for this acquisition has not been reflected in the books of Zeddy Limited.
A quick review of these assets shows that an impairment loss of Sh.20 million should be
reported being the recoverable amount less the carrying amounts.
8. Inventory as at 31 October 2014 (including the Sh.20 million in note 7 above) is valued at
Sh.426 million.
Required
The following statements for Zeddy Limited in a format suitable for publication:
a) Income statement for the year ended 31 October 2014.
b) Statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 October 2014.
c) Statement of financial position as at 31 October 2014.
Q2 · SHORT ANSWER · mediumBETA — flag if wrong
The following are the group income statement and group statement or financial position of Soma
group of companies, for the financial year ended 31 October 2013:
Soma group
Income statement for the year ended 31 October 2013
Revenue
Cost or sales
Gross profit
Other incomes: Share of profit from associate
Investment income
Sh. ‘million’
100
125
Sh. ‘million’
12,765
(9,070)
3,695
225
3,920
REVISION PARTNER 60
CPA Section 6 A.F.R
Expenses: Distribution costs
Administration expenses
Finance costs
Profit before tax
Tax expenses
Profit for the year
Profit attributable to: The holding company
The non-controlling interest (NCI)
625
1,320
375 2,320
1,600
(700)
900
825
75
900
Soma group
Statement of financial position as at 31 October 2013 and 2012
2013
Sh. ‘million’
2012
Sh. ‘million’
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets (including goodwill)
Investments: Others
In associate company
Current assets:
Inventories
Receivables
Short-term investments
Cash in hand
Total assets
Equity and liabilities:
Share capital (Sh.1 par value)
Revaluation reserve
Retained profits
Share premium
Minority interest
Non-current liabilities:
Long-term loan
Current liabilities:
Trade payables
Bank overdraft
Taxation
1,900
1,250
-
325
3,475
750
1,950
250
10
6,435
1,000
505
870
800
3,175
250
850
1,135
425
600
6,435
1,525
1,000
125
250
2,900
510
1,575
-
5
4,990
750
455
600
750
2,555
150
250
995
490
550
4,990
Additional information:
1. During the year ended 31 October 2013, Soma Ltd. acquired 80% of the share capital of
Kitabu Ltd. The assets of Kitabu Ltd. were as follows as at the date of acquisition:
Property, plant and equipment
Inventories
Receivables
Long-term loan
Payables
Bank balance
Sh. ‘million’
300
200
650
(125)
(200)
(50)
REVISION PARTNER 61
CPA Section 6 A.F.R
Taxation (25)
250
2. Some items of plant with an original cost of Sh.425 million and a net book value of Sh.225
million were sold for Sh.160 million during the year ended 31 October 2013. The long-term
investments were sold for Sh.150 million during the same period.
The following information relates to property, plant and equipment:
31 October 2013
Sh. ‘million’
31 October 2012
Sh. ‘Million’
Cost
Accumulated depreciation
3,600
(1,700)
1,900
2,975
(1,450)
1,525
The cost of plant of Kitabu Ltd. (the acquired subsidiary) on the date of acquisition was
Sh.500 million and accumulated depreciation was Sh.200 million. During the year ended 31
October 2013, there was a revaluation gain of Sh.50 million attributable to the holding
company's plant.
3. The total purchase price of Kitabu Ltd. was Sh.225 million paid by issuing Sh.50 million
worth of ordinary shares at par value. The balance was paid in cash.
Required:
Group statement of cash flows, in conformity with IAS 7 (Statement of Cash Flows), for the year
ended 31 October 2013 using the indirect method.
Q3 · SHORT ANSWER · mediumBETA — flag if wrong
The following financial statements relate to the Crest group for the year ended 31 March 2013:
Group income statement for the year ended 31 March 2013
Sh."million" Sh." million"
Revenue
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Other incomes: Operating
Gain on disposal of subsidiary
596
(417)
179
12
19
210
Expenses
Distribution costs
Administrative expenses
Finance costs
Loss before tax
Income tax expense (credit)
Loss for the period
Attributable to: Parent
Non-controlling interest
48
173
35 (256)
(46)
11
(35)
(31)
(4)
(35)
REVISION PARTNER 62
CPA Section 6 A.F.R
Statement of financial position as at 31 March: 2013 2012
Non-current assets Sh.
"million"
Sh.
"million"
Sh.
"million"
Sh.
“million"
Property, plant and equipment
Goodwill
Deferred tax assets
544
16
16
634
25
2
576 661
Current assets
Inventory
Trade and other receivable
Tax recoverable
Cash and cash equivalents
158
103
11
3 275
225
134
9
5 373
Total assets 851 1,034
Financed by
Ordinary share capital
Share premium
Retained earnings
Shareholders' funds attributable to
parent
Shareholders' funds attributable to
non-controlling interest
400
112
64
576
13
589
300
84
95
479
21
500
Non-current liabilities
Bank loans
Deferred tax liabilities
Provision for pension benefits
Obligations under finance lease
29
18
18
- 65
52
17
19
2 90
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables.
Current tax
Obligations under finance lease
Balance at bank
112
-
2
83 197
188
2
8
246 444
Total equity and liabilities 851 1,034
Additional information:
1. Dex Ltd., a 90% held subsidiary of Crest Ltd., was sold during the year. The following
were the net assets on the day of disposal:
Sh. "million"
Property, plant and equipment: Cost
Depreciation
Inventory
Trade and other receivables
Cash and bank
Bank overdraft
Trade and other payables
Bank loans
Current tax
118
(31)
87
27
41
3
(61)
(38)
(18)
(1)
40
REVISION PARTNER 63
CPA Section 6 A.F.R
Crest Ltd. had purchased its investment in Dex Ltd. for Sh.25 million several years ago. The
fair value of the net assets in Dex Ltd. was Sh.20 million. The group uses the partial
goodwill method.
2. Property, plant and equipment is made up as follows:
Year ended 31 March 2013
Sh."million"
2012
Sh."million"
Cost
Depreciation
705
(161)
544
769
(135)
634
The group sold an item of plant which had cost Sh.11 million for Sh.9 million. There
were no additional acquisitions by way of finance leases. .
3. The loss before tax is arrived at after charging the following:
Sh. "million"
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Impairment of goodwill
65
4
4. The finance cost is made up of Sh.2 million on finance leases and Sh.33 million in bank
loans and overdrafts. As at 31 March 2013, included in trade and other payables was
accrued interest of Sh. l million and on 31 March 2012, the figure had been Sh.5 million.
5. There was an issue of ordinary shares during the year at a premium of 30% with some
issue costs offset against the share premium.
Required:
The group statement of cash flows in accordance with IAS 7 (Statement of Cash Flows)
for the year ended 31 March 2013.
Practice the full question bank with the AI tutor
12 questions on this topic alone. Get feedback after every attempt; the tutor re-explains what you got wrong. Beta access is free.